The re-mining of abandoned coal is an effective scheme to improve the utilization rate of coal resources and prolong the service life of the mine. In view of the stability analysis of the remaining pillars of the underlying coal seam under the disturbance of the overlying coal mining in the room-and-pillar goaf. Based on the engineering background of shallow buried thin coal seam mining in Sandaogou Coal Mine, the safety factor of the remaining coal pillars in the underlying coal seam is determined by theoretical calculation. Taking the distribution of deviatoric stress field and the expansion of plastic zone as the indexes, the numerical simulation method is used to explore the influence of the mining parameters of the coal seam and the parameters of the working face on the stability of the remaining coal pillars. The results show that : ( 1 ) The safety factor of the residual coal pillar in the pillar mining of 5^-2 coal seam is 1.541, which can maintain long-term stability ;( 2 ) The spatial distribution characteristics of the failure characteristics of the remaining group columns in the 5^-2 coal seam are ' O 'shaped distribution. The stability of the coal pillars in the central area is obviously inferior to that of the boundary coal pillars. The instability of the coal pillars in the central area has the risk of inducing the instability of the remaining group columns. ( 3 ) The distribution of deviatoric stress field and the expansion of plastic zone in the remaining coal pillars of room-and-pillar mining in 5^-2 coal seam are mainly determined by the mining parameters of the working face of the coal seam. The larger the size of room-and-pillar mining in 5^-2 coal seam is, the stronger the influence of coal pillar stability on the mining disturbance of 4^-4 coal seam is.